玉米粒重一致性QTL整合图谱的构建及元分析

为进一步研究候选基因发掘、克隆以及基因组结构,在生物信息学基础上,利用公共网络资源上已发表的149个玉米粒重相关QTL位点信息,初步探讨了玉米粒重"一致性"QTL发掘。结果表明:构建出一个包含了80个玉米粒重QTL位点的整合图谱,并在第7染色体上确定出一个"一致性"QTL,由标记bcd349和gpm760a界定,置信区间为463.29~505.50,间距42.21cM。     

保定地区几个早熟苹果品种(系)生长观察

为筛选适宜保定地区栽植的早熟苹果品种,以嫁接在SH40中间砧上的不同早熟苹果品种(系)为试材,测定了不同品种(系)早熟苹果树体生长发育指标和果实品质。结果表明:除嘎啦早熟变异外,其他供试品种(系)树体生长较好,3年生时Xu2-7、Xu3-2树高330.0~352.5 cm,4年生时为394.0~417.5 cm,Xu3-2、藤牧1号、信浓红4年生为336.5~381.0 cm。4年生时,干径以Xu2-5最大;短枝、中枝、叶丛枝均以Xu2-5最多,长枝以Xu2-7最多,总枝量以Xu2-5最多;藤牧1号短枝所占比例最高(57.4%)。应用模糊综合评判法得出Xu2-5、Xu2-7、信浓红、藤牧1号果实品质较高。     

品种及初生重对仔猪死亡率和21日龄个体重的影响

试验对2 319头仔猪的初生重与21日龄个体重和死亡率进行分析。结果表明:大约克仔猪哺乳期死亡率最低,21日龄体重最高;随着初生重的增加,仔猪死亡率降低,21日龄个体重增加。     

铜仁烤烟单叶重现状与提升烟叶质量对策

根据铜仁烤烟单叶重的调查数据，认真梳理了铜仁烤烟单叶重的现状，分析了铜仁烤烟单叶重存在的问题，从烟叶收购政策和烟叶生产技术两个方面有针对性的提出提升铜仁烟叶质量的对策，为铜仁烤烟产业的持续健康发展提供理论指导。     

Controlling sprouting in potato tubers using ultraviolet-C irradiance

Legislation limiting the use of chlorpropham (CIPC), the major potato sprout suppressant, has led to a need for new technologies to extend storage life of tubers. Ultra violet C (UV-C) has been used postharvest to reduce disease incidence on many crops, yet its use and efficacy as a sprout suppressant has not been investigated. The aim of this project was to identify the optimum dose and treatment timing of UV-C treatment on potato tubers as an alternative method of sprout suppression to reduce the dependence on chemical sprout suppressants. Up to six potato cultivars over two seasons were treated with varying doses of UV-C ranging from 0 to 30 kJ m⁻² either at harvest or at first indication of dormancy break. The tubers were stored at 9 °C and sprout growth and incidence assessed. Treatment with moderate UV-C doses (5–20 kJ m⁻²) suppressed sprout length and sprout incidence in a range of cultivars. Periderm DNA damage and programmed cell death were not detected in response to any of the UV-C doses. The inactive ABA metabolite, ABA-GE, increased in response to 10 or 20 kJ m⁻² within 72 h of treatment. Multivariate analysis showed a negative relationship between ABA metabolites and sprout growth/incidence during storage. This study found that UV-C reduced sprout growth in potato with no deleterious effects on tuber quality. This suggests potential for further development as an alternative or supplement to conventional sprout suppressant technologies.     

Preharvest application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) in two plum cultivars. 1. Improvement of fruit growth and quality attributes at harvest

Two plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) cultivars ‘Black Splendor’ (BS) and ‘Royal Rosa’ (RR) were treated with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) at 3 concentrations (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mM) along the on-tree fruit development: 63, 77 and 98 days after full blossom (DAFB). On a weekly basis, fruit samples were taken for measuring fruit size and weight and parameters related to quality. Results revealed that MeJA was effective in increasing fruit size and weight, the 0.5 mM being the most effective for BS cultivar and 2.0 mM for RR. At harvest, those fruit treated with 0.5 mM MeJA had the highest firmness and colour Hue values. Total acidity was also generally higher in MeJA-treated fruit than in controls, while the content of total soluble solids remained unaffected. In addition, total phenolics and total antioxidant activity were found at higher concentrations in 0.5 and 2.0 mM MeJA-treated than in control fruit over at last 3 weeks of fruit development for BS and RR cultivars, respectively. Overall results suggest that MeJA could be a promising preharvest tool to increase plum size and quality with enhanced bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity, although the optimum concentration is cultivar dependent.     

春大豆鼓粒期冠层翻叶原因及翻叶对叶片净光合速率和粒重的影响

为明确春大豆鼓粒期冠层翻叶原因及翻叶对粒重的影响。在大田条件下,以28份大豆品种为材料,采用随机区组试验设计,研究了鼓粒初期植株顶部4片叶的单叶面积、比叶重、叶型指数、叶片含水量与翻叶率的关系;比较了翻叶与对照叶片的净光合速率、百粒重及粒重的差异。结果表明,不同大豆品种间翻叶率在0~26.5%之间,且差异显著,其中以‘中黄313’、‘中黄42’和‘中黄13’最高;单叶面积在46~151 cm²之间,其中以‘中黄39’、‘中黄42’和‘中黄13’最大;比叶重在0.536~1.64 mg/cm²之间,其中以‘中黄322’、‘中黄313’和‘中黄13’最低;叶型指数在1.35~3.51之间,其中以‘中黄70’、‘中黄80’和‘中黄42’最低。供试大豆品种分为3个类群,第I类群品种单叶面积小,比叶重高,叶型指数大,翻叶率为1.03%;第III类群品种单叶面积大,比叶重小,翻叶率高达19.7%;第II类群共4个品种,单叶面积、比叶重、叶型指数、翻叶率介于第I类和第III类群之间。翻叶后显著降低叶片净光合速率,平均降幅31.7%,粒数较多的‘新大豆27号’百粒重降低10.38%~22.4%,而粒数少的‘吉育60’粒重没有降低。大豆上层叶片单叶面积大、比叶重小及叶型指数低的叶片翻叶率高,翻叶降低叶片净光合速率,进而降低同节位百粒重及单节粒重,不利于大豆高产。     

Gymnastic Training of Hippotherapy Horses Benefits Gait Quality When Ridden by Riders with Different Body Weights

The objective was to evaluate the effects of gymnastic training on stride characteristics of walk and trot in therapy horses carrying riders of different weights. Eighteen horses used for therapeutic riding 5 days/week were randomly divided into 2 groups. Nine horses performed gymnastic (GYM) exercises after therapeutic riding on 4 days/week for 3 months, 9 horses did no additional exercises (SED). On days 0 and 90, an inertial sensor mounted to the girth on the ventral midline was used to evaluate stride characteristics when horses were ridden at walk (1.3 m/second) and trot (3.0 m/second) by able-bodied riders representing rider: horse body weight ratios (BWRs) 15%, 20%, and 25%. On day 0, the measured variables did not differ significantly between sedentary (SED) and GYM groups, but on day 90, the following statistically significant results were found: GYM-trained horses had higher regularity for all BWRs at walk and 15% and 20% BWRs at trot. Higher stride symmetry was found in GYM-trained horses carrying 25% BWRs at walk and all rider weights at trot. Dorsoventral displacement was higher in GYM-trained horses when carrying 20% and 25% BWRs at walk and 25% BWRs at trot. Dorsoventral power was lower in SED-trained versus GYM-trained horses carrying 15% BWR at walk and 20% BWR at trot. A more regular and symmetrical stride with a larger range of dorsoventral trunk motion is likely to provide a better therapeutic riding experience.     

新疆春小麦育成品种耐热性评价

为筛选出耐热性好的小麦种质材料，通过开花期至成熟期人工模拟高温胁迫环境，以千粒重热感指数为主要评价指标，评价了新疆近30年来审定的春小麦品种的相对耐热性，并分析了高温胁迫对小麦籽粒蛋白质、湿面筋含量的影响。结果表明，与自然生长相比，高温胁迫条件下新疆春小麦育成品种的千粒重、籽粒宽度的变化均达到了极显著水平（P<0.01），籽粒长度变化不显著(P>0.05)，不同品种间耐热性存在很大差异。综合三年千粒重热感指数（HSI）分析，耐热性相对较好的品种有17个，连续三年HSI＜1的品种有11个，其中新春37号、新春2号、新春38号在高温胁迫条下千粒重变化较小，产量较稳定，为强耐热品种；对高温敏感品种有26个，连续三年HSI≥1的品种有13个，其中新春13号、新春18号、新春33号耐热性相对较弱。高温胁迫影响小麦籽粒的品质，其中13.95%的品种蛋白质含量降低，6.98%的品种湿面筋含量降低，其他品种高温胁迫后籽粒蛋白质、湿面筋含量均较自然生长有所提高。     

减氮配施有机肥对滴灌春小麦花后同化物转运和籽粒灌浆特性的影响

【目的】研究减氮条件下新疆滴灌小麦高产高效的调控途径,分析滴灌春小麦花后同化物转运和籽粒灌浆特性的调控效应,为新疆滴灌春小麦的高产优质栽培提供科学依据。【方法】设置不同减氮配施有机肥处理,采用裂区设计,氮素为主区,品种为副区;于2019年在田间滴灌条件下设置7种减氮配施有机肥水平(N_CK、N₅、N₁₀、N₁₅、N₂₀、N₂₅、N₀),比较分析不同减氮配施有机肥处理条件下,强筋小麦新春38号和中筋小麦新春49号的花后同化物转运及籽粒灌浆特性的变化。【结果】在灌浆期内,花后干物质(茎、叶)随灌浆期推进呈先升后降趋势,峰值出现在花后14 d,而穗干物质则呈逐渐增大的变化。随减氮配施有机肥程度增加,2个品种的花后干物质积累、花后干物质转移率、花后贡献率、粒重及灌浆各参数均呈现先增后减的趋势,在N₁₅处理下各指标均达到最优值,N₁₅>N₂₀>N₂₅>N₁₀>N₅>N_CK>N₀。2个品种的快速累积持续时间(t₂~t₁)、平均灌浆速率(V_mean)、最大灌浆速率(V_max)与粒重间均存在显著关系,且平均灌浆速率与粒重间的直接效应最大,2个品种的直接通径系数为1.034 7和0.957 3。在N₁₅处理下, V_mean相比其它处理分别增长了1.92%～30.58%(新春38号),1.02%～27.93%(新春49号)。【结论】在减氮配施有机肥处理下,以N₁₅处理(85%N+15%有机肥)的花后干物质积累量、花后转运率及贡献率最高,籽粒粒重最高,与之相关的灌浆各参数表现最优,即N₁₅处理为最优配比组合。